Two Sides of the Same Coin

Back to real hardcore diagnosis:

Case 1: A soldier returning from Afghanistan presents with the skin lesion shown below.

It began as a red papule and evolved to the lesion shown above. There is no surrounding induration. The lesion is completely (and surprisingly) painless. There is some local adenopathy. Without treatment, this lesion will resolve spontaneously, leaving only a residual hypopigmented depressed scar.

Case 2: A photographer who travels worldwide presents with subacute insidious fatigue, malaise, fever, and weight loss over months. The spleen is markedly enlarged but minimally tender. Labs show a severe anemia. The patient notes his skin has "darkened" over the last few months. Without treatment, this disease is lethal. Bone marrow aspirate is shown below.

Challenge: Maybe these serve as hints: What is the Hindi name for the second disease? What insect acts as a vector? What's the diagnosis in each case?

First image is in the public domain; the second image is shown under Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License.